A CPAP device consists of a unit that generates airflow, which is directed to the airway via a mask. Positive pressure is generated by the airflow, which prevents upper airway collapse. For CPAP treatment to be effective the person must always wear their device when they go to sleep.
Reasons for not adhering to CPAP treatment include poor mask fit, pressure intolerance and, more commonly, upper airway symptoms such as nasal dryness, nasal bleeding and throat irritation. Humidification devices are now commonly used in conjunction with CPAP devices in order to reduce these side effects. Masks should be replaced at least annually, and long-term follow-up of patients is critical to ensure adherence.
There are two types of CPAP devices. Fixed CPAP devices deliver air at constant pressure throughout the night, and the person will continue to receive this pressure until a further titration study is performed to determine whether the set pressure is still appropriate. Auto-titrating CPAP devices continually adjust the pressure delivered throughout the night, with the aim of improving comfort and thus adherence.
In terms of distribution, sales, support, warranty, service and market presence there are four major manufacturers of CPAP equipment in Australia at present - Puritan Bennett, Fisher & Paykel, ResMed and Respironics and two minor companies -DeVilbiss and Weinmann. All companies manufacture fixed pressure and auto-titrating CPAP machines that include built in or optional humidifiers.
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